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For those of us just learning how to play blackjack, it is a good idea
to first become acquainted with basic playing strategy. Basic playing
strategy refers to the optimum way of playing your hand if you are not
card counting. It is derived from a computer simulation where millions
of hands are dealt and played in all possible ways. The results are
then recorded and analyzed by the computer. Basic strategy involves
no hunches, nor guesswork. It is the mathematically correct way to play
your hand against every dealer’s up card. By playing basic strategy
correctly, it is possible to reduce the house edge considerably. The
initial casino edge in the game of blackjack is approximately 5.75%
(this includes the three to two payoff on player blackjack). With the
basic strategy it is possible to bring this edge down to about 0.5%.
Initial casino's edge |
5.75% |
Correct hitting and standing |
-3.25% |
Correct doubling |
-1.5% |
Correct pair splitting |
-0.5% |
Casino's edge with basic
strategy |
0.5% |
Another way to lower the casino’s edge is by playing in games that
have rules more favorable to the player. Slots-A-Fun Casino in Las Vegas,
for example, offers such favorable blackjack games. At this casino,
they deal a single deck game and the dealer stands on a soft 17. Also,
doubling after pair splitting is allowed. In this game, someone employing
the basic strategy can actually gain a slight edge over the casino of
0.1%.
Not all casinos play with a single deck and the number of decks used
will affect how you should play using basic strategy. In other words,
the basic strategy used in a single deck game would be different from
the basic strategy used in a six-deck game.
The table below summarizes the basic strategy rules you can use. For
purposes of simplification, the rules can be followed for games with
any number of decks.
To use this table, begin by going across the top of the table to locate
the dealer’s up card. Next, go down the first column of the table to
locate your own hand. The intersection of the row and column you located
will show the correct basic strategy play. The strategy in this chart
assumes that doubling after pair splitting is allowed. (If doubling
after pair splitting is not allowed, check the bottom of the chart for
deviations).
Generic Basic Strategy
H=hit |
S=stand |
D=double down |
P=pair split |
Su=surrender |
X/Y=Do X if allowed, otherwise
do Y |
Player hand Dealer Upcard
|
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
A |
17 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
16 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
H |
H |
Su/H |
Su/H |
Su/H |
15 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
H |
H |
H |
Su/H |
H |
14 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
13 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
12 |
H |
H |
S |
S |
S |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
11 |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
10 |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
9 |
H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
8 or
less |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
Soft 19 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
Soft 18 |
S |
D/S |
D/S |
D/S |
D/S |
S |
S |
H |
H |
H |
Soft 17 |
H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
Soft 16 |
H |
H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
Soft 15 |
H |
H |
D/H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
Soft 14 |
H |
H |
H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
Soft 13 |
H |
H |
H |
D/H |
D/H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
2,2 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
33 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
44 |
H |
H |
H |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
55 |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
H |
H |
66 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
77 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
88 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
99 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
S |
SP |
SP |
S |
S |
1010 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
AA |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
Never take insurance.
For games where doubling after pair splitting is not allowed use the
rules below for pair splitting.
22 |
H |
H |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
33 |
H |
H |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
44 |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
55 |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
D |
H |
H |
66 |
H |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
H |
77 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
H |
H |
H |
H |
88 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
99 |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
S |
SP |
SP |
S |
S |
1010 |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
S |
AA |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
SP |
When the dealer hits soft 17, then you should double down on 11 against
the dealer’s ace, double down on a soft 19 against the dealer’s six,
double down on a soft 18 against the dealer’s 2, and surrender hard
15, hard 17, and a pair of 8s against a dealer’s ace.
European blackjack is played slightly differently whereby the dealer
does not take a down card until players complete their hands and all
player double down and split bets are lost to a dealer blackjack. In
these games, don’t split or double down against a dealer’s ace, don’t
double down against a dealer’s 10, and don’t split a pair of 8s against
a dealer’s 10.
To make sure you understand the tables correctly, let’s look at some
possible blackjack scenarios.
Scenario 1: You are holding 2,2 and the dealer’s up card is
a 6. How would you play this hand? First, go across the top of the table
and find the dealer’s 6 up card. Next, go down the first column under Player’s
Hand and find 2,2. Go to the intersection of the row and column
that you just located. Here you will find a P which means that
you should split.
Scenario 2 : What would basic strategy be if you held an Ace
and a 7 (a soft 18) and the dealer’s up card was 3? In this case the
intersection of the properly located column and row shows D/S. This
means that you should double if game rules permit doubling down on soft
hands. If game rules do not permit doubling down, you should stand.
Scenario 3: Finally, if you are holding a 2,3 and an Ace (soft
16) against a dealer’s 5, how should you play? If you look up the correct
intersection you will see that the basic strategy play is D/H. Since
most casinos do not allow doubling down on three or more cards, your
best option would be to hit.
You should try to memorize the basic strategy in the table before
you sit down at a table. It is not as daunting a task as it may look,
since you most likely know a good part of the strategy already. Practice
the basic strategy enough so that you can play each and every hand perfectly.
If you don’t, you will make mistakes and mistakes will cost you money.
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